AMA 11 Citation Format: Superscripts, References, and Common Mistakes

AMA format (American Medical Association) is used for formatting medical manuscripts and journals. AMA 11 formatting has specific rules that differ from Vancouver format and other medical styles. Understanding AMA formatting is essential when formatting a document for medical publication.

AMA 11 Format: Superscript Citations

According to the AMA Manual of Style 11th Edition:

• Use consecutive superscript Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3)
• Place citations outside periods and commas
• Place citations inside colons and semicolons
• First cited source = 1, reuse same number for subsequent citations

Multiple Citations

• Non-consecutive: 1,3,5
• Consecutive ranges: 1-4
• Example: "as reported previously.1,4-7,19"

Author Format in References

• List first 3 authors, then "et al" (no period after "al")
• Note: AMA uses "et al" not "et al."—this is a common mistake

Journal Article Format

Author AA, Author BB. Article title. Abbreviated Journal Name. Year;Vol(Issue):Pages. doi:10.xxxx/xxxxx

AMA 11 Formatting Made Easy

SimpleFormat Pro applies AMA 11 format rules automatically, including the correct AMA formatting for superscript placement and "et al" formatting (without the period).